Brown vs. Board of Ed

"Black children were denied admission to public schools attended by white children under law requiring or permitting segregation".
In the 1950's black and white children were not allow to attend the same schools. Legislation made deprived the black minority children of a proper education. At the time of the issue was called "equal protection". As we had observed in prior equality battles we study in history the equality between back an white citizen have been a problem. Nevertheless the battle of an innocent child that wants a fair education and received neglect from the teachers and administrators of the school. What they had called "equal protection" was not to benefit the children it was more an economical benefit for the educational institutions. Also a control system that with in the school the children were placed in different rooms black in a room and white in another, where the better learning techniques was offered to the white and the black children received a minimal skills and remain at a lower IQ than the white children.
The reason I choose this passage was because today we take for granted what we have at our reach. The opportunity to get educated with out limits. Children in the 1950's were starving for knowledge and the government did not allow it and when finally obtained it was limited. In the other hand children in other countries wish they can attend school, and because of economic issues they can not attend. Keeping minority at a stand still, depriving them the opportunity of prosperity and knowledge.

JFK Inagural Speech 01/20/61

                                                     John F Kennedy 1961

"All this will not be finished in the first 100 days. Nor will it be finished in the first 1,000 days, nor in the life of this Administration, nor even perhaps in our lifetime on this planet...

And so, my fellow Americans: ask not what your country can do for you—ask what you can do for your country.
My fellow citizens of the world: ask not what America will do for you, but what together we can do for the freedom of man".

On the quote JFK is telling the population, as Americans we expect to be serve and provided everything with nothing in return. He wants the citizen to start giving to the US. However he makes it clear tat changes don't haven al of a sudden. will take month's maybe years before something is visible. However that does not mean we have to stop providing. We also notice how he ask the other citizens from the world to start helping the United States in a way of exchange to help each other

I like the quote because as an immigrant I can appreciate what it is provided to us in the United States and we don't appreciate. a good example is Public School is provided to all regardless of race, religion or economic status. Every child in the US have to attend school or else the mother will be in trouble. Another great quality in the school system every child will have breakfast in the morning and a lunch in the afternoon. allowing the child to be focused at the time of class.
In other country like Dominican Republic parents get to send children to school the economy is very low. Some failies consist of maybe 6 children. Mothers have to face the hard decision of sending the child to go sale items to support the family and the education process become not important. Another big problem is that parents have to purchase the uniform, books, notebooks and other school item's. By Americans receiving and not giving in return the sources get wasted and nothing returns to the government leaving a debt unkown an the money loss causes other problem.

The Gerrymandered

Christopher Ingraham "Rather, it's to give your opponents a small number of safe seats, while drawing your self a large number of seats that are not quite as safe, but that you can expect to win comfortably".
Mr. Ingraham states that politicians prefer to allow their party to get the votes of small compact cities rather than large cities with many little parts that have their own government politics. In the article Ingraham describes the gerrymander which are consider to be solid and give one vote in all. In the other hand is the one they say have tentacles. I will call it "The Octopus" because it has the large government and then the borders have sub governments that don't help in the cause of electing the president. In this case is better to have a state with a simple representation rather than one with many sub-representations. allowing the opponent with a solid vote and a positive outlook to win.
Now I understand why Hillary was loosing in 2008, to Former President Barack, Obama. Many states believe females are not a good representation as chief of state. American's opted to have an African American president before a female, leaving the question if Americans are ready to leave that feminism aside.

Citizen & Social Class

T.H. Marshall article fragmented citizenship into three components civil, political, and social. He clarifies that civil is linked with individual freedom; political aspect includes the power the individual possess to vote; social piece is connected with education and social services obtained in the community. For many decades the economic classification deprived the less fortunate from even obtaining an education. Parents had to choose between their child being schooled and the father not having enough to provide the family. In most cases mother were the main home care giver to the children, the father was the only provider and didn't make adequate money to support the family and the older children were brought in to work to get paid to provide their younger siblings. This situation impede the poor to achieve a good social status in the future and remain as a worker for the wealthy land owners. Marshall also explain the capitalist system and feudalism, explaining how the rich got richer and the poor remain struggling to survive. During the middle ages people of low economic status had no benefit of a better future.

Marshall quotes “But a man’s social rights, too, were part of the same amalgam, and derived from the status which also determined the kind of justice he could get and where he could get it, and the way in which he could take part in the administration of the affair of the community of which he was a member”(149). The law’s protecting society, also explains that the protection is mainly focused on the wealthy individuals. Providing no defense to those with low or without economic status. In simple terms your rights and justice are determined by your social and economic status. Equality is not existent in this case. Society has been very judgmental of the citizen in their community. To allow citizen to move forward and achieve a successful life a plan that allow equality has to be in place. Teaching society to adjust their ideas, beliefs, and values to accept the economic and social improvement of our citizens regardless of economic status. Individuals need to learn allowing society to improve we are helping the economy and better life styles can arise and be modernize.   

 I believe today we can observe this situation in some communities. The wealthy are able to provide their children with good education and good life style. In the other hand people with low income have to request the assistance of the social service department or other institutions. In some case getting educated and obtaining a good job will break the cycle of life providing better growth opportunity.

The Judge

James Greene states, that the constitution should create term limits for federal judges.

Greene is saying that Judges should serve shorter terms like everyone else in government. As per constitution judges have to serve a life term that only at time of death, is that they stop their responsibility.  The constitution was created many years ago and the evolution of society has change. In which case the security of the citizens is in jeopardy.  As per the author judges face a problem, not being able to give up their obligation, as they get older or even at time of illness. A problem that can impede them from making the proper judgments at time of making decisions, for offenders.

Greene, explains the problem that can arise from a judge serving long terms. For example if the judge becomes ill, and his judgment are impaired decision making can be at risk. The judge’s duty has to be completed regardless of health situation. However the mental impairment will affect the process of sentence. Greene allow us to understand that the constitution was created hundreds of years ago. However the evolution of society has change rapidly. A possible problem can be that the constitution has been outdated and a new amendment needs to be put in place.

Greene compares the judge’s and the president terms. He explains that the president can only serve 4 year term, after his term is up, he needs to be reelect to serve again. Allowing presidents to serve a maximum of eight years. If the presidents, serve two terms, an equivalent to eight years, they are not allow to serve again. The job of the Judge is very delicate and involve a lot of decision making.  That have to be served in an accordance with the term. A question that can arise from the article is: why a job as critical as a judge, have to be served as a life time job? With such critical judgment that have to be made, impeding decisions.  

Greene explains that the US Constitution needs to copy other countries, that their judge terms are 18 years or less. In this case the term can be understood because, they will be retiring at an age that is appropriate to use judgments.

 The constitution, needs to be reevaluated and amended in terms of the judge’s. Because in other countries the judge is only to serve an eighteen year term. Allowing them to prevent wrong judgment’s with such a delicate profession. The author is not telling us, the time the judge spend in school? How old they are at time of appointing? How many hour’s judges put in to work a week? How many cases is the minimum judges are assigned? In my mind this are crucial question on the determination of the judge term. To perform at their highest potential. Jamal Greene, voice is clear and I agree with his opinion. Judges have to serve a set term not a life time, because their mind and ability to focus can become impaired affecting the verdict of individuals.

I choose this quote, because I can’t understand how a president serve less time than a judge.  The duty of the judges have to use the mind and brain at all times. Because they have to build the case and the researching of the evidence can be time consuming. Brain power, can start to wear out. 

The constitution and the Federalist

"The Legislative Branch, makes the law. This was meant to place a check and balance on the power of the "king" and also to protect the "private property" of individuals"


The constitution was a document signed in the late 1700 by many important males of the United States. Are considered to be the Founding fathers. They came together to resolve issues that needed immediate solution. In the other hand the Federalist separated the power of the U.S. Government & State Government. It promoted a check and balance system, for the government, promoting a Federal Government that will later sub-divide to lessen the task. Allowing each state and borough have their own way of regulating your area. Allowing local citizens to resolve the matter as needed.

The above quote describe the  dilemma arising between the government and the citizen. The legislative branch, had to make the laws. However the executive branch makes sure that police officer and judges have to performed,  by a set of rules. Confirming every one to respect one law only. To prevent to much power on one side of the people.  Citizens with properties, had to battle the higher power, to keep it. Government officials if interested in a land they had the opportunity to claim the land, with out any proof. An the people suffering and loosing their life time savings to some hypocrites.

Trans-America 2/14/15

"Yet a nation like France is said to permit a formal and legal dual citizenship even at

the present time". 

     Becoming a citizen of the United States, was one of the most important aspect of my life. My mother and my self-became citizen in 1997. And many doors opened, one of them was in college, and the Department of Social Service, may look at you differently. The respect you get immediately is very well appreciated. As we all know many immigrants come to the United States in search of a better future.

        My family came to the United States in 1989, I was approximately 12 yrs old. It was a family of two parents and three children. However the future play a big trick. Everything was great, I was exposed to friends whose mother had a boyfriend and received Social Service benefits. However some of the boyfriends had good jobs and pay most of the house bills. In my case my dad, had become ill and my mother had to work to support the house with some social service benefits. As I grew and realize, what those people had done was, not ethical for the person or for the country that provided us an opportunity to grow. I promised myself, I will benefit from the Social Service Department, only as needed. Like a Doctor prescription. I am currently supporting my two daughters and attending school, to break the cycle of taking advantage of the system. That money is needed by many other people in the states, and can't benefit due to the fact that the government doesn't trust the Citizen's or Immigrants.